Broaching machine



Sept. 4, 1934. w, J FIEGEL r AL 1,972,769

BROACHING MACHINE Filed Nov. 24, 1930 5 Sheets-Sheet l p 4, 1934. w. J. FIEGEL El AL 1,972,769

BROACHING MACHINE Filed. Nov. 24, 1930 5 Sheets-Sheet 2 I ltd @raac 1' BY m 90/? H I H HIH ATTORNEY} Sept. 4, 1934. w. J. FIEGEL ET'AL- BROACHING MACHINE 5 Sheets-Sheet 5 Filed Nov. 24, 1930 ATTORN EYJ Patented Sept. 4, 1934 nuirao STATES BRoAoHINo MACHINE William J. Fiegel, Winfield S. Enderich, and Leo" Bracciano, Detroit, Mich, assignors to Bohn Aluminum & Brass Corporation,

Detroit,

9 Claims.

This invention relates to broaching machines and has particular reference to a machine adapted for the breaching of half hearings or the like. 7 of the primary objects of this invention to provide a reciprocating breach and to provide fluid actuated means for effecting a reciprocation of this broach.

A further object of this invention is to provide fluid actuated means for clamping the piece of work to be broached and means for discharging a fluid under pressure adjacent the piece of work after the breaching operation, to clean the piece of work.

The invention further contemplates the provision of an adjustable work holder for supporting the piece of work during the broaching operation, the provision of means for actuating work clamping mechanism in dependence upon the ct-uation of the control mechanism so which effects a reciprocation of the broaclnand the provision of means for absolutely precluding possibility of the operator of the machine himself by having his hands caught in the path of the reciprocatory broach.

' Qther objects and advantages of this invention will become more apparent as the following de-' scription proceeds, particularly when reference is to the accompanying drawings, wherein:

Figure 1 is an elevational view of a broaching go constructed in accordance with the are 7 a sectional view taken substantially on tile line 7-'? of Figure 1;

Figures 8, 9, 10, l1, and 12 are semi-diagram matic views showing the operation of a portion of the machine shown in Figure 1; and.

re 13 is a sectional View takensubstantiall line 1313 of Figure 1.

Referring then particularly to the drawings wherein like reference characters designate corresponding parts throughout all views, it willbe noted by reference to Figure 1 that the machine includes a 15 provided on its one end with {jj the upwardly extendingportions l6 whichz support a bed designated by the reference character 17. At an intermediate point the base is proearE T orrlcr vided with a chamber 18 constituting a fluid reservoir and mounted above this chamber is a motor 19 for driving a fluid pump 20 which is mount: ed on the other end of the base. v

The pump 20 is preferably an oil pump of any suitable construction and is adapted to supply oil under. pressure by means of the conduits 21 and 22 to a cylinder 23 in which a' piston 24 is mounted for reciprocation. The conduits 21 .and 22 are connected to opposite ends of the cylinder 23 and become alternately supply and exhaust conduits controlled by any suitable valve mechanism such as designatedfby the reference. character 25, whereby oil under pressure may be admitted to either end of the cylinder 23 and simultaneously exhausted from the other end to efiect a reciprocation ofthe piston .24 in this cylinder. The piston 24 is connected to a piston rod 26 which actuates a breach ina marinerwhich will hereinafter be more fully described.

By reference to Figures 2 to 5, inclusive, of the drawings, it will be noted that the bed 1'7 is pro- Vided with, a floor portion 30 and vertically extending side wall portions 31 and 32. As shown in Figure 2 of the drawings, these side wall portions are provided adjacent their upper ends with the shoulders 33 and 34 respectively, which form a track for a slide member 35 which is fixed to the end of the piston rod 26 as by the securing members 36. I 1

Fixed to the slide 35 is abroach holder 37 which carries the broaching members 38 anda relief cutter 39. It will be noted that the relief cutter iscarried by a separate block 40 which may be vertically adjusted by adjusting stud 41 which moves this block relative to an inclined seat 42 carried by the slide 35. Thus, the relief cutter may be vertically adjusted to a position where it will trim, to the desired extent, the edges of the half bearing or the like being broached. It will be apparent that the slide 35 is mounted for reciprocation in a fixed path defined by the guide- Ways 33 and 34 and that this slide is reciprocated by reciprocation of the piston 24 in the cylinder 23. A cap 43 ispreferably mounted on the upper ends of the side walls 31 and 32, this cap being provided with an opening 44 through which the bearings to be broached may be inserted and removed from the work holder about to be described.

By reference to Figure 3 of the drawings it will be noted that the fioor 30is provided substantiallycentrally thereof with an upper surface 50 inclined in the -direction or" reciprocation of the broach 35. A block 51 has its under face inclined at an angle opposite to the angle of inclination of the surface 50, as designated by the reference character 52 and is mounted on the surface 50 for sliding movement relative to the same. It will be apparent that by sliding the block 51 in the direction of the path of travel of the slide 35, this block will be raised or lowered by virtue of the engagement of its face 52 with the face 50.

For effecting this sliding of the block 51 there is provided a pair of bell crank levers 53 pivoted as by the pins 54 on opposite sides of the block 51.

One arm of each bell crank lever is adapted to engage one side of the block 51, as clearly illus trated in Figures 3 and 4 of thedrawings, while the other arm of each bell crank lever is adapted to be engaged by an adjusting stud 55 mounted in the side wall 31. Thus, by properly adjusting the studs 55, the block 51 may be moved relative to the surface 50 and thus raised or lowered relative to the floor 30.

The block 51 is provided adjacent its one side I with an upwardly projecting rib 56. A second rib 5'7 is formed on the inner end of a plate 58 which is mounted for sliding movement on the upper face of the block 51 at the side theresite direction. Thus, upon adjustment of the plate 58 relative to the block 51, the rib 5'7 is raised or lowered relative to the rib 56.

The ribs 56 and 57 constitute a support for a work holder 65. This work holder is provided in its upper face with the semi-cylindrical recess 66 adapted to receive a half bearing 6'7 and the work holder is further provided at its lower edge with the laterally extending flanges 68.

For clamping the work holder in engagement with the ribs 56 and 5'7, the following structure is provided. Rotatably mounted in the walls 31 and 32 on one side of the work holder are the shafts '70 and '71 respectively. These shafts are in axial alignment with each other, and fixed to the inner, ends of'these shafts, are split bushings '72 and '73 which carry fingers '74 and '75 adapted to engage the laterally extending flange 68 at the side of the work holder. Fixed to theouter ends of the shafts '70 and '71 are split bushings '76 and.

'77 from which depend arms '78 and '79 which terminatein a threaded bearing 80. An adjusting stud 81'threaded in this bearing is adapted to engage the side of the cylinder 82 whereby ad justinenthof these studs will move the arms '78 and '79, to rotate the shafts '70 and '71 and to thus move the fingers '74 and into clamping engagement with the flange 68. It will be understood that a similar construction is provided adjacent the opposite side of the workholder so that when the adjusting studs 81 are properly actuated the work holder will be firmly clamped against the ribs 56 and 57.

The invention further contemplates the provision of means for adjusting the work holder relative to the ribs 56 and 57, this adjustment being in the direction of travel of the slide 35. To accomplish this, each-pair of fingers '74 and '75 is connected by a web 82 and threaded in each web is an adjusting screw 83 which engages the adjacent side face ofthe flange of the work holder. Thus, by properly adjusting the screws or studs 83, the work holder may be adjusted relative to the ribs 56 and 57.

To further aid in positioning the work holder, there are provided studs 85 adjustably threaded in arms 86 fixed to the sides of the walls 31 and 32, these adjusting studs being adapted to engage pins 87 which extend through the walls 31 and 32 and engage the sides of the work holder adjacent the upper end of the same. Additional adjusting studs 88 threaded in bores formed in the walls 31 and 32 are adapted to urge pins 89 intoengagement with the sides of the base of the work holder, as clearly illustrated in Figure i of the drawings.

It will thus be apparent that the work holder is adapted for substantially universal adjustment. Thus, this work holder may be vertically adjusted by shifting the block 51 relative to the fioor 30. The work holder may be slightly rocked in one direction by adjusting the plate 58 on the block 51 and the work holder may be adjusted in the direction of reciprocation of the slide 35 by proper adjustmentof the adjusting studs 83. Still further, th Work holder maybe laterally adjusted by a proper actuation of the adjusting studs 88 and may be rocked a-lateral direction by proper adjustment of the studs 85 to cause the pins 8'7 to exert pressure on the work holder adjacent the upper end of the same. 7

By reference to Figures 1 and 2 of the drawings, it'will be noted that the arms 86 support the cylinder 82 directly below the work holder. A piston 90 is mounted for reciprocation in this cyiinder and a rod 91, fixed to this piston, projects upwardly through the cylinder and carries on its upper end a cross head 92. Pivoted at the ends of this cross head are links 93 which carry at their upper ends the fingers 94 adapted for engagement with the piece of work to hold the same in the work holder. The fingers 94 are provided on their rear faces with cam surfaces 95 adapted to engage wear plates 96 carried by the side walls of the bed. A spring 9'7 connects the lower ends of the links 93 and tends to swing these links about their points of pivotal connection with the cross head 92.

It will be understood, by reference to Figures 2 and 4 of the drawings that four of the links 93 are provided, and in operation, when the piston 90 is moved upwardly, the links 93 are forced upwardly to a position where their cam faces 95 clear the wear plates 96. The springs 9'7 will then swing the upper ends of the links laterally to a position where the fingers 94 will be free from engagement with the piece of work. When, however, the piston is moved in the opposite direction the cross head 92 is moved downwardly and the cam faces of the links will force the links inwardly to the positions shown in Figure 2 of the drawings where the fingers 94 will engage ithe work piece to clamp the same in the work holder.

A further feature of this invention consists in its providing means for facilitating the centering of upper ends of the pins are normally projected above the floor or inner periphery of the work holder. Thus, the upper ends of the pins constitute spaced bearing points on which the piece of work seats during the initial placing of the piece of work in the work holder. Obviously, when the clamping members engage the piece of work to draw the same downwardly into firm engagement with the inner periphery of the Work holder, the pins 100 will be forced downwardly to the position shown in Figure 3 of the drawings. During the clamping of the piece of work in the work holder, however, the piece of work may slide on the upper ends of the pins and thus be readily centered in the work holder.

It will be noted that in its normal position the plate 101 is spaced above the upper end of the cross head 92 when the latter is in its lowermost position. Thus, upon upward movement of the cross head, the clamping members 94 are first released and the cross head then engages theplate 101 to force the same upwardly and to cause the pins 100 to force the half-bearing out of the work holder. A pin 104 is preferably fixed in the floor and constitutes a guide for the plate 101 during the vertical travel of the latter.

For actuating the piston a fluid under pressure, such as air, is supplied to the opposite ends of the cylinder 82 by conduits 105 and 106. At their upper ends these conduits connect into a valve 107 which is supplied with air under pressure by a conduit 108. A further conduit 109 provides an exhaust from the valve casing to the chamber or reservoir 18. A lever 110 controls the valve 107, and when this lever is'in the position shown in Figure 1 of the drawings, air under pressure is supplied to the lower end of the cylinder 82, while the upper end of this cylinder is connected to the exhaust 109. The lever I 110 is movable from the position shown in Fi ure 1 of the drawings to the position shown in Figure 90f the drawings, in which position the supply pipe 108 is connected to the conduit 105 to supply fluid under pressure to the upper end of the cylinder 82 while the conduit 106 is connected to the exhaust conduit 109. Thus, actuation of the handle or lever 110 efiects a reciprocation of the piston 90 in cylinder 82 to move the members 94 to work-clamping or work-releasing positions.

Communicating with the chamber 18 is a com duit 115. Intermediate its ends, this conduit is provided with a pressure actuated valve 116 which may be set to open at any desired pressure. The conduit is extended beyond the valve 116 and terminates in discharge conduits 117'which, as illustrated in Figure 1, are slightly bowed and which have their discharge ends positioned adjacent the half bearing in the work holder. Thus, when the piston 90 is reciprocated in the cylinder 82 and air under pressure is forced through the exhaust conduit 109 to the chamber 18, the pressure of the air in this chamber will unseat the valve 116 to permit air under pressure to be discharged through the conduit 117 to blow from the hah bearing the shavings caused 'by the breaching operation. Thus, each time the work clamping members are actuated, a blast of air will be discharged adjacent the piece of work being broached.

As brought out before, the invention contemplates the provision of means'for actuating the work clamping members in dependence uponthe operation of the'mechanism which controls the reciprocation of the breach. To accomplishthis,

there is provided a link 120 whichextends longitudinally of the machine and which is connected to the valve 25 to actuate the same. This link is adapted'to be reciprocated by an arm 12lwhich engages a bracket 122 fixed to the link intermediate its ends. The arm 121 is mounted on a shaft 122 which extends transversely of the machine and an actuating handle 123 is fixedto ths shaft to rotate the same.

The handle 123 forms one arm of a bell crank lever, the other arm 124' of which is pivotally connected to a link 125 which in turn is pivotally connected to a second link 126 which carries at its upper end a roller 127. Pivotally connected to the handle 110, are links 128 and 129. The link 128 is provided intermediate its ends with'a shoulder 130 adapted to be engaged by a pin 131 which projects laterally from the handle 123.. The link 128 is further provided at its free end with a cam face 132 for a purpose which will hereinafter be more fully described. The link 129 is provided on its under face with the cam surfaces 133 and 13 1, and this link is further provided at its free end with an abrupt shoulder 135. A guide 136 slidably receives the link 126 to permit vertical movement of this link while holding the same in position adjacent the side of a bar The bar 137 is connected by a pin 138 to an ear 139 which is fixed to the broach 35. Thus, the .bar 137 is reciprocated in unison with the piston and broach. Fixed to the side of the bar 137 are blocks 140 and 141, these blocks being'elongated and being provided with flat sideedge. portions and inclined end edge portions- A flange 142 formed on one end of the bar 137 cooperates with one end'of the block 141 to provide a cam track 143, while a flange 144-. formed on the other end of the'bar-137 cooperates with an end of the block 140 to provide a second track 145. A third flange lifi'projects laterally from the side of the bar in spaced relation toythe block 141. r

By reference to Figures 8 to 12, inclusive, of the drawings, it is believed that the operation of this portion of the construction will be clearly apparent. The neutral position of the handle 123 is the position shown in Figure 8 of the drawings. When the handle is in this position the broach is in its retracted position and the clamping members 94 are in work releasing position since the piston 90 is in raised position. A piece of work is then inserted in the work holder and the handle 123 is moved to the position shown in Figure 9 of the drawings. to this position the pin131 engaging the shoulder 130 draws the link 128 to the left to move the handle 110 to'a position where air under pressure is supplied to the upper end of cylinder 32 to thus efiect a movement of the clamping members 94 to work clamping position. This move-, ment of the handle 123.a1so moves the link 120 to actuate the valve '25 to admit oil under pres sure to the outer end of thecylinder 23. The

breach is thus forced to the right to efiect a roachin'g of the piece of work clamped in the work holder. v Y

As the broach moves to the right it carries with it the bar 137. Upon a predetermined movement of this bar the end 132 of the link 123 is engaged When the-handleis moved by the end'of the flange 146 whereupon'the link 128 is moved upwardly to" the position shown-in Figure'10 of the drawings where its shoulder 130 is moved outof engagementwith the pin 131. In this position the handle 1231s heldin its in;-

7 of' the flange 146 to engagethe end of theilink position.

129 to thus move this linkto the right with the result that the handle 110 is moved to the right, or the position shown in Figure 10. In this position the valve 107 is actuated to effect a releasing of the work clamping members, it being understood that at this time the broach will have completed its travel past the half bearing.

During movement of the lever 129 to the right, the pin 131 engages the cam surface 133 and slowly raises the link 129 to a-position where its end clears the end of the flange 146 so that both links 128 and 129 may rest on top of the flange, as clearly illustrated in Figure 11 of the drawings. t the same time the roller 127 traveling in the guideway 143 draws the link 126 upwardly to move the handle 123 to its neutral To return the broach to its original position the handle 123 is moved to the position shown in. Figure 12 of thedrawings whereupon the link 120 is actuated to actuate the valve 125 to admit oil under pressure to the opposite end of the cylinder 23. During the return of the broach to its original position the roller 127 rides along the upper edges of the blocks 141 and 140 until it enters the guideway 145, whereupon the link 126 is actuated to return the handle 123 to its neutral position. It will thus be apparent that whenever the valve 25 is actuated to effect an actuation of the broach, the work clamping members are also actuated to effect a clamping or a releasing of the work, dependent uponthe direction of travel of the broach.

It frequently happensthat an operator starts the broach on its cutting travel before removing his hand from the piece of work. To prevent injury in this way there is provided a latch 150 adapted to engage in a recess 151 formed in an extension 152 of the link 120. This latch is carried by an arm 153 which is weighted as at 154 and thisarm is pivotally suspended from a lever 155 pivoted as at 156 to the cover 43. A handle 157 formed on the end of the lever 155 provides means for moving the latch out of engagement with the recess 151.

t will be understood that when the latch is in engagement with the recess 151 the link 120 is locked against longitudinal movement. Thus, to actuate the link it is necessary that the operator grasp not only the handle 123 but also the handle 157 so that it is impossible for an operator to effect a reciprocation of the broach without first removing both hands from engagement with the work piece.

It will be noted that the invention provides a broaching machine adapted particularly for the broaching of half bearings in that the broach is mounted for reciprocation in a fixed plane relative to a work holder which is mounted for substantially universal adjustment. Thus, the half bearings may be so accurately broached as to be interchangeable, one with the other, in use.

a It will be noted further that the invention provides a fluid actuated broach, a fluid actuated Work clamping device, and fluid means for effecting a cleaning of the piece of Work after the broaching. operation is completed. The work clamping mechanism will be actuated in dependence upon the actuation of the mechanism which controls the reciprocation of thebroach, While this mechanism is so constructed that the same may not be operated without the actuation of two widelyspaced handles.

While the invention has been described with considerable detail, it is to be understood that the description is for the purposes of illustration only and is not definitive of the limits of the inventive idea. The right is therefore reserved to make such changes in the details of construction and arrangement of parts as will fall within the purview of the attached claims.

What we claim as our invention is: p

1 In a broaching machine, a work holder, clamping members for clamping apiece of work in said Work holder, a cylinder, a piston in said cylinder for effecting an actuation of said clamping members, a valve for controlling theflow of a fluid under pressure to said piston to control the actuation thereof, a broach mounted for reciprocation relative to said work holder, a fluid actuated piston for reciprocating said broach, means for controlling the flow of fluid under pressure to said last mentioned piston to control the reciprocation of said broach, and a connection between said last mentioned means and said valve for actuating the latter upon actuation of the former. I

2.1n a broaching machine, a work holder, means for clamping a piece of work in said work holder, a broach mounted for reciprocation relative to said work holder, and means operating upon a predetermined travel of said broach to effect a releasing of said work clamping members and to effect a discharge of a fluid under pressure adjacent said piece of Work to clean the same- V 3. In a broaching machine, a work holder, means including a plurality of links for clamping apiece of work in said work holder, a piston connected to said links to actuate the same, a cylinder in which said piston is mounted for reciprocation, a valve operable to admit fluid under pressure to said cylinder on either side of said piston and to exhaust the fluid on the other side of said piston, a broach mounted for reciprocation, a conduit extending from said valve to a reservoir, a conduitextending from said reservoir to a point adjacent said work holder, and means operable upon a predetermined travel of said broach to effect an actuation of said valve whereby said piston will be moved to a position to effect a releasing of said clamping members and whereby the exhaust from said cylinder will be discharged to said reservoir and from said reservoir to adjacent the work holder to eifect a cleaning of the piece of work supported by the same.

4. In a broaching machine, a work holder, clamping members for clamping'a piece of work in said work holder, and fluid discharge means operable upon actuation of said clamping members to effect a discharge of a cleaning fluid under pressure adjacent said work holder to clean a piece of work supported by the same.

5. In a broaching machine, a work holder, fluid pressure actuated means for clamping a piece of work in said work holder, a reservoir for receiving the exhaust from said fluid pressure actuated means, and means for conducting the fluid under pressure from said reservoir to adjacent said work holder to effect a cleaning of a piece of work carried by said work holder.

6. In a broaching machine, a movable broach, a lever for initiating the movement of said broach, work clamping members, means for actuating said work clamping members upon actuation of said lever and means movable with said broach operating to return said lever to a neutral position and to efiect a releasing of said clamping members upon a predetermined movement of the broach.

7. In a broaching machine, a movable broach, a lever for initiating the movement of said broach, work clamping members, means controllingthe actuation of said work clamping members, links operating to actuate said last mentioned means upon actuation of said lever to thus effect the actuation of said work clamping members when the movement of the broach is initiated, and a member movable with said broach operating to return said lever to a neutral position upon a predetermined movement of the broach and operating further to engage said links to effect an actuation of said work clamping members after a predetermined movement of the broach.

8. In a breaching machine, a work holder, fluid pressure actuated means for clamping a piece of work in said work holder and means operating upon actuation of said fluid pressure actuated means to effect a discharge of a fluid under pressure adjacent said work holder to clean a piece of work supported therein.

9. In a metal working machine, a work holder, clamping members for securing a piece of work in the work holder, means for actuating the clamping members, a tool mounted for reciprocation relative to the work piece, and means operable in dependence upon actuation of said clamping members to automatically discharge fluid under pressure adjacent the work.

WILLIAM J. FIEGEL. WINFIELD S. ENDERICH. LEO BRACCIANO. 

